WBT (SCORM)

SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) is a widely used set of technical standards for e-learning content. It ensures interoperability, reusability, and consistent tracking of learning activities across different Learning Management Systems (LMS). Here's a description of SCORM 1.2 and SCORM 1.3 (commonly referred to as SCORM 2004):

SCORM 1.2

Overview

SCORM 1.2, introduced in 2001, is one of the most widely adopted versions. It provides the foundation for creating, delivering, and tracking e-learning content in a standardized manner.

Key Features

• Content Packaging: Uses a standardized XML-based manifest file (imsmanifest.xml) to describe course structure and metadata.

• Runtime Environment: Specifies how content interacts with the LMS, allowing the LMS to track learner progress, scores, and completion statuses.

• Data Model: Includes basic tracking features such as:

  • Completion status (lesson_status).

  • Raw score, maximum score, and minimum score.

  • Session time (cmi.core.session_time).

• Simple Sequencing: Supports linear navigation but lacks robust sequencing and navigation features.

Limitations

• Limited support for advanced sequencing and adaptive learning paths.

• Cannot track detailed interactions or complex data points beyond the basics.

SCORM 1.3/2004

Overview

Released in 2004, SCORM 1.3 (SCORM 2004) introduced significant enhancements over SCORM 1.2. It addresses limitations by providing more robust support for sequencing and navigation.

Key Features

• Enhanced Sequencing: Incorporates a powerful sequencing model based on IMS Simple Sequencing. It allows authors to define complex learning paths, including conditional navigation and prerequisites.

• Improved Data Model: Includes additional data points to track learner performance more comprehensively, such as:

  • Interaction details (cmi.interactions).

  • Objectives and mastery criteria.

  • Bookmarking for resuming courses at the last accessed point.

• Run-Time Communication: Expands the set of commands and data that can be exchanged between content and LMS.

• Content Reusability: Like SCORM 1.2, it ensures content interoperability and reusability across SCORM-compliant LMS platforms.

Limitations

• Increased complexity in development and deployment compared to SCORM 1.2.

• LMS implementations of SCORM 2004 can vary, leading to inconsistencies in sequencing behavior.

Comparison

Both versions have been foundational to e-learning, but SCORM 1.3 is better suited for modern needs involving complex learning paths and detailed tracking. However, newer standards like xAPI (Tin Can API) are now emerging to address the limitations of SCORM.